Nevertheless, differences in diabetes risk persist despite adjustments for adiposity. Those following plant-based diets tend to have lower body mass indices, which protects against type 2 diabetes. Large cohort studies demonstrate that the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are significantly lower among those following plant-based eating patterns compared with omnivores and even semi-vegetarians. We will review the evidence supporting the use of plant-based diets for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications, and explore mechanisms by which plant-based diets reduce insulin resistance. Plant-based diets―i.e., eating patterns that emphasize legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds and discourage most or all animal products―are especially potent in preventing type 2 diabetes and have been associated with much lower rates of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer. Lifestyle changes address the root causes of type 2 diabetes and can ameliorate comorbidities while reducing the risk of polypharmacy, particularly in the elderly. – Among the 20% of participants in the landmark Diabetes Prevention Program who were ages 60 and over, lifestyle changes conferred a 71% reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes, demonstrating that older adults reaped the greatest benefit from lifestyle interventions compared to other age groups. Lifestyle changes, particularly diet, can be highly effective in preventing, treating, and even reversing type 2 diabetes. Increases in consumption of calorie-dense foods, including fast foods, meats and other animal fats, highly refined grains, and sugar-sweetened beverages, are thought to play a critical role in the rising rates of type 2 diabetes worldwide. #Order non veg food online from capsy driver#ĭietary choices are a key driver of insulin resistance, especially in an aging, more sedentary population. Moreover, geriatric patients are at increased risk of medication-related complications, particularly hypoglycemia the elderly have twice the number of emergency room visits for hypoglycemia than the general population with diabetes. Older patients also have the highest rates of macro- and micro-vascular complications from diabetes, including myocardial infarction, major lower extremity amputations, end stage renal disease, and visual impairment. Diabetes in older patients is associated with an increased risk of mortality, reduced functional status, and increased risk of institutionalization. In 2015, type 2 diabetes was the 7 th leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes accounts for $176 billion of direct medical costs in the US, including annual per capita costs of $7900, a number 2.3 times higher than costs for adults without diabetes. Prediabetes is even more common among those aged ≥ 65 in the United States, with a prevalence of 50%. In the United States in 2011–2012, 12%–14% of adults had type 2 diabetes and 38% had prediabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a global epidemic, with approximately 422 million cases worldwide and a rapidly rising prevalence in middle- and low-income countries. Multiple potential mechanisms underlie the benefits of a plant-based diet in ameliorating insulin resistance, including promotion of a healthy body weight, increases in fiber and phytonutrients, food-microbiome interactions, and decreases in saturated fat, advanced glycation endproducts, nitrosamines, and heme iron. However, the evidence does suggest that the type and source of carbohydrate (unrefined versus refined), fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated versus saturated and trans), and protein (plant versus animal) play a major role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Optimal macronutrient ratios for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes are controversial the focus should instead be on eating patterns and actual foods. Evidence from observational and interventional studies demonstrates the benefits of plant-based diets in treating type 2 diabetes and reducing key diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complications. Cohort studies strongly support the role of plant-based diets, and food and nutrient components of plant-based diets, in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Plant-based diets are eating patterns that emphasize legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds and discourage most or all animal products. Diet and lifestyle, particularly plant-based diets, are effective tools for type 2 diabetes prevention and management. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising worldwide, especially in older adults.
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